Steam-turbine.



BATENTED JUNE 28, 1904.

W. L. POPE. STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICIATION FILED MAR. 26.1904.

4 SHBBTSSHEET 1,

N0 MODEL.

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- w. L. POPE.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLIOATION FILED MAR. 25, 1904.

2 T E B H S s T E E H S 4 \X/l N55555: km?! ms warms co.. Puoru-uTnoWASHING No. 763,425. PATENTED JUNE 28, 1904.

' W. L. POPE.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 26, 1904. N0 MODEL.

4 SHEETS-SIIEET 3.

', No. 763,425. PATENTED JUNE 28, 1904..

' w. L. POPE.

STEAM TURBINE;

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 26, 1904. no MODEL. 4 sums-sum 4.

i will afiiiiw wgifyw z z: f\ I Patented June 28, 1904.

Fries.

\VILLIAM L. POPE, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK.

- STEAM-TURBINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N0. 763,425, dated June 28,1904.

Application filed March 26,1904.

To all w/wm it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM L. POPE, a citizen of the United States, anda resident of Rochester, in the county of Monroe and'State V of NewYork, have invented a new and Improved Steam-Turbine, of which thefollowing thus deflected from and by the stationary vanes or nozzlesagainst the rotatingblades. It has been usual in the construction ofsuch motors or prime movers to deflect the steam first from a set ofstationary vanes against a set of radially-projecting andangularly-disposed blades, and then by reaction from such blades thesteam is caused to strike against another set of stationary vanes, fromwhich it is again deflected and caused to strike against a second seriesof revolving blades angularly disposed and radially arranged also likethe first set, and so on, stationary vanes alternating with revolvingblades. There has been some objection to such an arrangement as justabove described in that the steam as it expands is not afforded a largerchamber in which to operate, and therefrom results a measurable backlashor back pressure.

An essential feature of my present invention consists in such anarrangement of the vanes and blades fixed and rotating as will overcomethis objection just mentioned and afford an opportunity for theexpansion of the steam while acting upon each individual blade or seriesof blades. In overcoming these difficulties I have preferred to make useof suitable cylinders as revolving elements to support the revolvingblades, couically formed on the' exterior peripheries and havingsuitably coiiforined thereto the fixed vanes, with the steamf'allgwed toenter at the smaller end and escape thelarger end of theconicallyarranged so that the increased periphcra .p coupled with theincreased capacity at thelarger endof the conically-arrangedsystem,affords an ample opportunity for the expansive action of the steam.

Serial No. 2( )0,103. (N0 model.)

I have found it desirable to arrange two or more of such systems as justabove described tandem, with each system after the first of a diameterconsiderably larger than that of the preceding system, affording thus astill further opportunity for the expansive action of the steam.

In the accompanying drawings I have shown my invention as embodied intwo pair of such systems as above described arranged tandem and with athird system atone end of the second ones and of larger diameter andarranged also to be discharged into by the larger ones of the firstpair. Such drawings are as follows:

Figure 1 is a side view of my engine, and

Fig. 2 is a plan view thereof with the upper half of the inclosing caseremoved and shows also the revolving cylinders for supporting therevolving blades in a central horizontal section and with the main shaftsupporting such cylinders shown in full. Fig. 3 shows the revolubleelements of my engine as removed therefrom and with only one bladesecured upon each member thereof, such blades being shown as presentedto the observer and arranged nearly or quite in axial alinement. Fig. 4;shows in side view the system of stationary vanes or nozzles V inclosingthe revoluble element B. Fig. 5 shows this element B in side view withone of the blades 6 thereon and with the upper portion only of theencircling system of stationary blades V in central vertical section. Inthis figure there is also seen the revolving collar 5 as secured uponthe shaft 1* at the right-hand end of this element B and with anoil-tube 11 extending downwardly through a hole thereforin theright-hand end of the system of blades V and also extending from thenceupwardly through the boss 0 therefor, seen on the upper side of myengine in Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a partial view of a cross-section of theparts of my engine, taken at the line m 1 in Fig. 5, while Fig. 7 is aview of a similar cross-section of my engine, taken along the line :0 yof Fig. 5. Fig. 8 is a view of the end of one of the blades 6 and showsthe method of attachment thereof, while Fig. 9 shows a cross-section ofone of such blades 5, taken at about the line m y of Fig. 5. Fig. 10 isa side view of the stationary system of vanes T and with a portion ofthe upper part of the case of my engine shown in vertical centralsection. Fig. 11 is a vertical central sectional view through the upperpart of the case of my engine and also through the upper part of thesystem of vanes or nozzles T and shows also the central element A of myengine with only two of the blades (0 and a thereon. Fig. 12 shows across-section of the parts of my engine, taken along the line 09 g ofFig. 11, while Fig. 13

shows a similar cross-section of my engine, taken along the line of Fig.11. As all of the elements or members B and B and O and their encirclingsystem of nozzles or stationary vanes are exactly similar inconstruction and operation, I have shown only one of such systems indetail-viz., B and its encircling system of blades or nozzles V in Figs.4, 5, 6, and 7. Fig. 14 shows above the central horizontal line invertical section and below such line in side view a modified arrangementof rotary engine embodying my invention with such connections betweencorresponding systems as will serve to equalize the pressure exertedupon such corresponding systems and also the lateral thrust exerted atsuch corresponding systems upon the shaft carrying the rotating parts ofmy engine.

Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

Referring to the drawings, my engine consists of a case comprising upperand lower halves H and H, the lower half being secured, as indicated, tothe base S, which carries the usual journal-boxes and supports J and J,within which the shaft r is arranged to revolve in the usual way. Uponthis shaft 9 there are secured the cylindrical elements A, B, B, and C,preferably chambered or hollow, as indicated, to reduce the weight. Uponthe cylindrical element A are secured the blades a and a by means ofbolts passing through suitable feet on the ends thereof, as indicated.Of these blades (0 and a there may be any desired number. They arepreferably arranged, however, at a somewhat greater distance apart thanthe blades of impact-engines as usually constructed. This element A,with the blades a and a thereon, is trued off on its outer periphery,and the blades are gradually widened radially as they approach the endsof the element A.

Supported within the parts of the casing H and H is seen the stationarysystem of vanes or nozzles T, having the blades t arranged as indicatedin Fig. 10, whereby steam entering the chamber L, surrounding thissystem of nozzles or vanes T, is deflected inwardly and obliquely aroundthe element A and also toward the ends and from the centerlongitudinally thereof, and thereby caused to impinge against the blades(0 and a, causing them to revolve in the usual way. The steam,

passing outwardly to the right and to the left between such blades (6and a and inside of the inclosed ends of the system of nozzles or vanesT, passes to the right and to the left outwardly and around the systemsof vanes V and V and into the chambers M and M,encircling respectivelysuch systems of stationary vanes or nozzles V and V, and is thendeflected inwardly and obliquely around and outwardly to the right andto the left by the vanes o and o and against the blades Z) and I) on theelements B and B, causing them also to revolve in the usual way. Thesteam as it passes outwardly at the right and to the left, respectively,between the blades 7/ and I) and Within the closed portion of the systemof stationary vanes or nozzles V and V takes the following courseviz.that escaping to the left enters the chamber F, around the stationarysystem of vanes or nozzles W, and down between the vanes or nozzles w,by which it is deflected inwardly and obliquely around and outwardly tothe left through and between the blades 0, supported upon the element C.The steam escaping to the right through and between the blades Z) entersthe chamber D, seen at the right-hand end of this element B,from whenceit is conducted by pipe P, as indicated in Fig. 1, to the chamber F,whence it takes the course already described with regard to the steamescaping to the left through and between the blades 5 on the element B.The steam as it escapes to the left from and between the blades 0 on theelementC enters the chamber E, having openings E E extending to thefront and to the rear and constituting the exhaust-openings, from whichthe steam may be conveyed by suitable pipes to a point of discharge inthe open air. At 0 is seen the boss or connection for the lead or supplypipe from the boiler or source of supply of steam for the. engine.

In the lower section of the case H are seen suitable hand-holes pp p,which may have the usual cap-pieces. Suitable bosses 0 and 0 areprovided for the oil-tubes leading down' wardly and to the collars s ands constructed, arranged, and operating in the manner already indicatedwith reference to the boss 0 and the tube '5 arranged to supply oil tothe collar .8 All of these collars .9, s and s are secured to the shaft9 and arranged to revolve freely within suitable grooves therefor in thesmaller ends of the system of stationary vanes or nozzles W, V, and V,respectively. The systems of stationary vanes or nozzles W, V, and V areconstructed in halves and secured together in the manner indicated inFig. 4 and then accurately bored out internally and turned off on theoutside and then bolted within the bored-out peripheries of the case HH, such case H H being thus bored out to receive thelarger andcontinuous peripheries. of the systems of vanes or nozzles W, V, and V,the bolts for securing these parts together be ing indicated at f, g, g,it, and it in Fig. 1.

Attention is called to the fact that to avoid confusion Figs. 6, 7, 12,and 13 show crossseetions of the parts taken at the points specified,while, however, in Figs. 12 and 13 some of the vanes a are shown as theywould appear in a sectional view of the parts.

The operation of my engine is as follows: The steam as it is conveyed bya suitable leadpipe, connected to my engine and at the point e, entersthrough such opening a and into the chamber L and is deflected thence bythe vanes 23 against the blades (4 and a, causing the element A torevolve, the steam passing outwardly, thence to the right and the leftbetween the blades 0 and a enters the chambers M and h and is deflectedthence by means of the vanes 22 and o against the blades 7) and 7/ onthe elements B and B, causing them to revolve in the same direction asthe element A, and thence, as already described, it passes through thechamber F and is deflected from thence by the vanes 10 against theblades 0 on the element C, causing it to revolve in the same directionwith the elements A, B, and B, and from thence the steam enters thechamber E, and from thence it passes out through the openings E and E.

Attention is called to the following points in the operating of myengine-viz., that the steam as it progresses in its course outwardlybetween any two adjacent revolving blades of the same system iscontinually advancing to a point where it may occupy a greater space,owing to the gradually increasing radial depths of the revolving blades.Each system of revolving blades after the first one afiords a greaterspace for the expansive action of the steam in its passage therethroughthan was afforded by the next preceding system. Attention is also calledto the fact that the steam is caused by each system of stationary vanesor nozzles to be deflected inwardly and obliquely around each revolubleelement and against the blades carried by such revoluble element andthat such blades extend obliquely around such revoluble elements in sucha way that the steam is deflected by such nozzles or vanes against suchrevoluble blades nearly or quite at right angles thereto and that thesteam as it finally escapes through and from any system of revolubleblades acts 'angularly thereon, causing them to revolve and at the samev time affording also a decreased resistance to the passage of the steamaxially out between such revolving blades and to the next succeedingchamber.

Refer now to Fig. 14, which shows partially in side view and partiallyin vertical central" revoluble parts. A similar connecting-pipe D isarranged to connect in a similar way the chambers F and F, while a thirdconnectingpipe D serves to connect the exhaust-chamber E at theleft-hand end of the engine with a similar exhaust-chamber'E at theright-hand end of the engine, into which steam from the right-handchamber F is arranged to exhaust. In the center of this exhaust-pipe Dthere is arranged an enlarged opening E to which a suitable finalexhaust-pipe connection can be made.

The arrangement just described, it will at once be understood, is suchthat at corresponding parts or upon corresponding systems of my enginethe steam-pressure is equalized, from which it at once results that thelongitudinal thrust upon the main shaft is also equalized, and anytendency to inequalities of pressure at corresponding points or uponcorresponding systems and corresponding inequalities of thrust are-atonce overcome and remcdied.

What I claim is 1. In a rotary engine a revoluble element carrying aseries of blades spirally arranged on the periphery of such element anda series of stationary vanes or nozzles also spirally disposed andarranged to project a series of streams of steam against the blades onsuch revoluble element, a chamber circumferen tially inclosing suchrevoluble blades permitting the escape of steam between such blades in adirection axial or nearly so to the cylinder supporting them and meansfor maintaining a supply of steam under pressure'to, between and throughsuch stationary vanes or nozzles.

2. In a rotary engine a revoluble element carrying a series of bladesspirally arranged on the periphery of such element and aseries ofstationary vanes or nozzles also spirally disposed and arranged toproject a series of streams of steam against the blades on suchrevoluble element, a chamber circumferentially inclosing such revolubleblades permitting the escape of steam only between such blades in adirection axial or nearly so to the cylinder supporting them and meansfor maintaining a supply of steam under pressure to, between or throughsuch stationary vanes or nozzles, the space between adjacent ones ofsuch revoluble blades presenting a series of cross-sectionalareasgradually increasing toward the discharging end of such system ofrevoluble blades.

3. In a rotary engine two or more systems each comprising a revolubleelement carrying a series of blades spirally arranged on the peripheryof such element and a series of stationary vanes or nozzles alsospirally disposed and arranged to project a series of streams of steamagainst the blades on such revoluble element, a chambercircumferentially inclos'ing such revoluble blades permitting the escapeof steam only between such blades in a direction IIO axial or nearly soto the cylinder supporting them, means tor maintainmg a supply ofsteamunder pressure to, between or through such stationary vanes or nozzlesand means for discharging t-he steam from each one of such systems(except the last) into the next succeeding system whereby such systemsare connected up and operate in tandem.

4. In a rotary engine two or more systems each comprising a revolubleelement carrying a series of blades spirally arranged on the peripheryof such element and a series of stationary vanes or nozzles alsospirally disposed and arranged to project a series of streams of steamagainst the blades on such revoluble element, a chambercircumfcrentially inclosing such revoluble blades permitting the escapeof steam between such blades in a direction axial or nearly so to thecylinder supporting them, means for maintaining a supply of steam underpressure to, between or through such stationary vanes or nozzles, thespaces between adjacent ones of such revoluble blades presenting aseries of cross-sectional areas gradually increasing toward thedischarging end of such system of revoluble blades and means fordischarging the steam from each one of such systems (except the last)into the next succeeding system whereby such systems are connected upand operate in tandem.

5. In a rotary engine two or more systems. each comprising a revolubleelement carrying a series of blades spirally arranged on the peripheryof such element and a series of stationary vanes or nozzles alsospirally disposed and arranged to project a series of streams of steamagainst the blades on such revoluble element, a chambercircumt'erentially inclosing such revoluble blades permitting the escapeof steam only between such blades in a direction axial or nearly so tothe cylinder supportmg them, means for maintaining a supply of steamunder pressure to, between or through such stationary vanes or nozzlesand means for discharging the steam from each one of such systems(except the last) into the next succeeding system whereby such systemsare connected up and operate in tandem, each one of such systems afterthe first presenting steam-spaces of greater cross-sectional area thanthose presented at approximately similar points in the preceding system.

6. In a rotary engine two or more systems each comprising a revolubleelement carrying a series of blades spirally arranged on the pe ripheryof such element and a series of stationary vanes or nozzles alsospirally disposed and arranged to pro ect a series of streams of steamagainst the blades on such revoluble element, a chambercircumt'erentially inclosing such revoluble blades permitting the escapeof steam between such blades in a direction axial or nearly so to thecylinder supporting them, means for mamtamlng a supply of steam underpressure to, between or through such stationary vanes or nozzles, thespace between adjacent ones of such revoluble blades presenting a seriesof cross-sectional areas gradually increasing toward the discharging endof such system of revoluble blades and means for discharging the steamfrom each one of such systems (except the last) into the next succeedingsystem whereby such systems are connected up and operate in tandem, eachone of such systems after the first presenting steam-spaces of greatercrosssectional area than those presented at approximately similar pointsin the preceding system.

7. In a rotary engine two or more systems each comprising a revolubleelement carrying a series of blades spirallyarranged on the periphery ofsuch element and a series of sta tionary vanes or nozzles also spirallydisposed and arranged to project aseries of streams of steam against theblades on such revoluble element, a chamber circumferentially inelosingsuch revoluble blades permitting the escape of steam only between suchblades in a direction axial or nearly so to the cylinder supportingthem, means for maintaining a supply of steam under pressure to, betweenor through such stationary vanes or nozzles, means for discharging thesteam from each one of such systems (except the last) into the nextsucceeding system whereby such systems are connected up and operate intandem and interconnections between corresponding systems in such enginefor equalizing the steampressure in such corresponding systems and alsothe thrust exerted in such corresponding systems upon the main shaft ofthe engine.

8. In a rotary engine two or more systems each comprising a revolubleelement carrying a series of blades spirally arranged on the peripheryof such element and a series of sta tionary vanes or nozzles alsospirally disposed and arranged to project a series of streams of steamagainst the blades on such revoluble element, a chambercircumferentially inclosing such revoluble blades permitting the escapeof steam between such blades in a direction axial or nearly so to thecylinder supporting them, means for maintaining a supply of steam underpressure to, between or through such stationary vanes or nozzles, thespaces between adjacent ones of such revoluble blades presenting aseries of cross-sectional areas gradually increasing toward thedischarging end of such system of revoluble blades, means fordischarging the steam from each one of such systems (except the last)into the next succeeding system whereby such systems are connected upand operate in tandem and interconnections between corresponding systemsin such engine for equalizing the steam-pressure in such correspondingsystems and also the thrust exerted in such corresponda series of bladesspirally arranged on the periphery of such element and a series ofstationary vanes or nozzles also spirally disposed and arranged toproject a series of streams of steam against the blades on suchrevoluble element, a chamber circumferentially inclosing such revolubleblades permitting the escape of steam only between such blades in adirection axial or nearly so to the cylinder supporting them, means formaintaining a supply of steam under pressure to, between or through suchstationary vanes or nozzles, means for discharging the steam from eachone of such systems (except the last) into the next succeeding systemwhereby such systems are connected up and operate in tandem, each one ofsuch systems after the first presenting steam-spaces of greatercross-sectional area than those presented at approximately similarpoints in the preceding system and interconnections betweencorresponding systems in such engine for equalizing the steam-pressurein such corresponding systems and also the thrust exerted in suchcorresponding systems upon the main shaft of the engine.

10. In a rotary engine two or more systems each comprising a revolubleelement carrying a series of blades spirally arranged on the peripheryof such element and a series of stationary vanes or nozzles alsospirally disposed and arranged to project a series of streams of steamagainst the blades on such revoluble element, a chambercircumferentially inclosing such revoluble blades permitting the escapeof steam between such blades in a direction axial or nearly so to thecylinder supporting them, means for maintaining a supply of steam underpressure to, between or through such stationary vanes or nozzles, thespaces between adjacent ones of such revoluble blades presenting aseries of cross-sectional areas gradually increasing toward thedischarging end of such systems of revoluble blades, means fordischarging the steam from each one of such systems (except the last)into the next succeeding system whereby such systems are connected upand operated in tandem, each one of such systems after the firstpresenting steam-spaces of greater cross-sectional area than thosepresented at approximately similar points in the preceding system andinterconnections between corresponding systems 1n such engine forequalizing the steam-pressure in such corresponding systems and also thethrust exerted in such corresponding systems upon the main shaft of theengine.

11. In a rotary engine two or more corresponding systems of right-handand left-hand spirally-disposed blades arranged upon a revoluble elementand means for projecting against such blades a series of streams ofsteam under pressure and interconnections between the steam-supplies forsuch corresponding right and left hand systems of spirally-disposedblades whereby the pressure exerted upon corresponding right and lefthand systems is equalized and whereby also the longitudinal thrustexerted upon such shaft by such corresponding right and left handsystems is equalized.

12. In a rotary engine two or more corresponding systems of right-handand left-hand spirally-disposed blades arranged upon a revoluble elementand means for projecting against such bladesa series of streams of steamunder pressure and interconnections between the exhaust-chambers forsuch corresponding right and left hand systems of spirally-disposedblades whereby the pressure exerted upon corresponding right and lefthand systems is equalized and whereby also the longitudinal thrustexerted upon such shaft by such corresponding right and left handsystems is equalized.

13. In a rotary engine two or more corresponding systems of right-handand left-hand spirally-disposed blades arranged upon a revoluble elementand means for projecting against such blades a series of streams ofsteam under pressure and interconnections between the steam-supplies andexhaust-chambers for such corresponding right and left hand systems ofspirally-disposed blades whereby the pressure exerted upon correspondingright and left hand systems is equalized and whereby also thelongitudinal thrust exerted upon such shaft by such corresponding rightand left hand systems is equalized.

WILLIAM L. POPE.

Witnesses: v

OSBORNE F. GURNEY, CLARA M. SIEVER.

